aspect

aspect

Diacritic marks for tones (“pitch”), vowel length, vowel deletion, aspirated (“voiceless”) and unaspirated (“voiced”) consonant derivations, aspiration, and glottal stops are primarily based on the 1975 “CED” (“Cherokee-English Dictionary”) by Durbin Feeling and the Cherokee Nation Dictionary app. Diacritic marks are available in the advanced resources on this website. Diacritic marks display best on mobile operating systems and may not display correctly depending on operating system. Examples of each possible diacritic mark used on this website include:

tones

̀ low fall tone, written as ¹ in the CED. Like Ꭴ̀ in Ꭴ̀Ꮧ̂·ᏫᏍᎦ [ùdî·wsga] [u¹di·w³²sga] (s/he's getting well)

low tone, written as ² in the CED, will not be marked on this website. This is following “Cherokee Narratives” by Durbin Feeling and the Cherokee Nation Dictionary app

̌ rising tone, written as ²³ in the CED. Like Ꭾ̌ in Ꭰ̀ᎵᎮ̌Ꮅ̂Ꭶ [àlihělîga] [a¹li²he²³li³²ga] (s/he is happy, he/she is thankful)

́ high tone, written as ³ in the CED. Like Ᏻ́ in Ꭴ̀ᏓᎨᏳ̣́Ꭽ [ùdageyụ́ha] [u¹da²ge²yụ³ha] (s/he loves)

̂ falling tone, written as ³² in the CED. Like Ꮼ̂ in ᏅᏬ̂Ꮨ [nvwôt] [nv²wo³²t] (medicine)

̋ extra high tone, written as ⁴ in the CED. Like Ꭼ̋ in Ꮒ̣Ꭼ̥̋ˀᎢ [nịk̥v̋Ɂi] [nị²k̥v⁴Ɂi] (all over, everywhere)

high fall tone, which will only occur on the final vowel of a word on the same vowel that is usually dropped in common speech, will also not be marked.

vowel length and vowel deletion

̣short vowel length is marked with an underdot, like Ꭶ̣ in Ꭶ̣ᏅᎦ̣Ꮅ̣́Ꭽ [gạnvgạlị́ha] [gạ²nv²gạ²lị³ha] (s/he is cleaning him/her, s/he is cleaning it). long vowel length is unmarked.

· vowel deletion is notated with a · middle dot (interpunct) before the syllabogram that has an omitted vowel sound. For example: Ꭴ̣Ꮼ̋·Ꮅ̥Ꮧ [ụwő·h̥ldi] [ụwo·h̥l⁴di] (funny)

aspirated (“voiceless”) and unaspirated (“voiced”) consonant derivations

̥ aspirated (“voiceless”) consonant derivation, like the Ꮩ̥ in Ꭰ̀·ᎦᏙ̥̌ᏍᏗ [à·kt̥ǒsdi] [a·k¹t̥o²³sdi] (s/he's looking at him/it)

̬ unaspirated (“voiced”) consonant derivation, like the Ꮰ̬ in Ꭰ̀Ꮣ́Ꮰ̬Ꭿ̣́Ꭽ [àdád̬lohị́ha] [a¹da³d̬lo²hị³ha] (s/he's putting on a belt)

below is a list of syllabograms with consonants that can undergo an aspirated or unaspirated consonant derivation. the syllabograms are listed with their “alternate” consonant equivalent beside them in [brackets]. it may be worthwhile to take notice that only the consonant sound found in the syllabograms ᏢᏠᏟᏡᏞ can have the unaspirated (“voiced”) consonant derivation.

Ꮼ [Ꮼ̥] Ꮰ [Ꮰ̬] Ᏺ [Ᏺ̥] Ꭺ [Ꭺ̥] Ꮓ [Ꮓ̥] Ꮩ [Ꮩ̥] Ꮶ [Ꮶ̥] Ꮙ [Ꮙ̥] Ꮆ [Ꮆ̥]

wo [h̥wo] tlo [d̬lo] yo [h̥yo] go [k̥o] no [h̥no] do [t̥o] tso [ch̥o] gwo [k̥wo] lo [h̥lo]

ʰ when a word has aspiration that may not otherwise be understood from syllabary alone, a standalone ʰ aspiration marker will be present. Like the ʰ aspiration that occurs in between Ꮠ and Ꮧ in the word ᎤᏲ̀Ꮟ̌Ꮠ̣́ʰᏗ [uyòsǐsọ́hdi] [u²yo¹si²³sọh³di] (to be hungry)

ˀ glottal stop